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来源：彩云网邀请码2024-02-01 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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【寻味中华】武汉五芳斋汤圆：白如羊脂甜蜜馥郁******

　　中新社武汉2月4日电题：武汉五芳斋汤圆：白如羊脂甜蜜馥郁

　　作者武一力

　　中国人的“年味”，体现在活色生香的食俗里。享尽天南海北的“硬菜”后，汤圆开始登上餐桌“C位”。

　　临近元宵节，每天凌晨四五点钟，“中华老字号”武汉五芳斋门口就排起长队。食客翘首以盼，等候汤圆出锅。

资料图：“叠式汤圆”也称“滚汤圆” 张畅摄

　　1946年，以跑船为生的江苏人倪锦财落脚汉口，成立武汉五芳斋，经营江浙风味的汤圆。发展至今，五芳斋在武汉已是三镇皆知、远近闻名；武汉“五芳斋汤圆”也被认定为中国名点、中华名小吃。

　　正如豆腐脑有“咸甜之争”，汤圆的吃法也有地域之分。

　　“按叫法，南方叫‘汤圆’，北方叫‘元宵’；按做法，南方包汤圆，北方滚元宵；按口味，有甜有咸。”武汉五芳斋汤圆制作技艺市级代表性传承人李杰告诉中新社记者。

　　广东有四式汤圆、贵州有鸡肉汤圆、上海有擂沙汤圆，而五芳斋的黑芝麻馅叠式汤圆则是“老武汉”的心头爱。

　　李杰说，叠式汤圆如此受欢迎，在于两大法宝：一是制馅，二是制面。取适量芝麻、些许猪板油，辅之以白糖、橘皮，揉搓成馅心。猪板油来自东北，当地猪膘厚一点，油脂好一点，更能提香。面皮选用上好的糯米粉，用水磨吊浆工艺使其口感更加爽滑。

　　叠式汤圆，“叠”为重头戏。据李杰介绍，按照传统做法，把馅心和糯米粉铺在簸箕上，端起簸箕“摇团”，类似农村的筛糠。再在汤圆上洒上冷水，继续“摇团”。如此反复多遍，汤圆越摇越大。如今，自动化机器代替了手工“摇团”——只需将馅心倒进装有糯米粉的机器大锅中翻滚，再蘸水打湿，层层叠加16次，一颗颗直径约3厘米的叠式汤圆就出锅了。

　　如此制作的五芳斋叠式汤圆皮薄而滑，白如羊脂，油光发亮，具有香、甜、鲜、滑、糯的特点。煮熟后的汤圆大小似乒乓球，轻轻咬开一个小口，热腾腾的芝麻馅缓缓淌出。看一眼，口齿生津；闻一闻，香气扑鼻；尝一口，芝麻醇厚，糯米绵密，口感瓷实，甜蜜馥郁。

　　据传，汤圆起源于宋朝，在沸水中翻滚的汤圆亦沉亦浮，犹如空中圆月，被世人赋予“阖家团圆”的美意，流传至今。

　　关于汤圆的吃法，古今“吃货”各有花样。清代诗人袁枚在《随园食单》中记载了“可盐可甜”的两样做法。咸口的萝卜汤圆：“萝卜刨丝滚熟，去臭气，微干，加葱、酱拌之，放粉团中作馅。”甜口的水粉汤圆：“用水粉和作汤圆，滑腻异常，中用松仁、核桃、猪油、糖作馅……”如今，汤圆还发展出榴莲馅、巧克力馅等新口味，以及油炸、拔丝等新吃法。

　　“吃了汤圆才团圆。”一个月前，武汉市民万静芳就早早地给身在美国的女儿寄去糯米粉和汤圆馅心，希望这份家乡味道能给远方的孩子传递思念和祝福。

　　天上月圆，碗里汤圆，人间团圆。元宵佳节，亲朋围坐，推杯换盏，最后来碗汤圆收尾，期盼新一年的温暖与甜蜜。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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